The differences between MMO (Mixed Metal Oxide) titanium anodes and platinum-plated titanium anodes

The differences between MMO (Mixed Metal Oxide) titanium anodes and platinum-plated titanium anodes are as follows:

1. Technical Characteristics:

   • Corrosion Resistance: Both types exhibit excellent resistance to corrosion.
   • Longevity: Both have long lifespans when used properly.
   • Current Efficiency: MMO Titanium Anode can operate efficiently at high current densities, up to 10,000 A/m², and are typically used in oxygen-evolving environments.

2. Catalytic Activity:

   • Platinum-Plated Anodes: These have a high overpotential (1.563V vs. SCE) and are known for their catalytic efficiency.
   • MMO Anodes: These have a lower overpotential (1.385V vs. SCE), making them easier to release oxygen. This results in lower cell voltages during electrolysis, saving energy.

3. Pollution Control:

   • Both types are non-polluting. Titanium Anode Plate feature a stable ceramic oxide coating of iridium, which is highly resistant to dissolution in acids and alkalis. This coating is typically 20-40 μm thick, minimizing the amount of oxide in the electrolyte and preventing contamination, similar to platinum-plated anodes.

4. Cost-Effectiveness:

   • MMO anodes are approximately 80% of the cost of platinum-plated anodes. They offer good electrochemical stability in alkaline copper plating electrolytes and can maintain the same lifespan as platinum-plated anodes with a 3.5 mm coating thickness. They are noted for their excellent electrochemical activity and durability.

5. Operation in Sulfate Electrolytes with Chlorides:

   • Using stable anodes prevents issues like uneven copper deposition (known as "dog-bone" formation) in high current density areas and reduces maintenance needs. MMO anodes are effective in environments with chloride presence, preventing platinum layer delamination over time.

6. Maintenance:

   • MMO anodes require minimal maintenance, reducing downtime for cleaning, replenishing, or re-coating compared to platinum-plated anodes. This enhances productivity and reduces labor costs.

7. Anode Lifespan:

   • The lifespan of non-dissolving anodes depends on their type, operating current density, and exposure to various electroplating chemicals. In sulfate electrolytes, issues like uneven copper deposition (dog-bone formation) at moderate current densities and tube cracking at low current densities can occur. High current densities may lead to burn-up. These factors impact applications such as electroplating circuit boards.
     

In summary, while both types of anodes offer corrosion resistance and long lifespans, MMO anodes are more cost-effective, have lower overpotentials for oxygen evolution, and require less maintenance compared to platinum-plated titanium anodes, making them suitable for various electrochemical applications.